Module 4 addresses varied approaches to vocabulary instruction, including indirect (contextual) and direct methodologies, and stresses techniques for fostering word use, knowledge of word relationships, and awareness of word structure and its connection to meaning. Participants apply what they have learned about vocabulary instruction to several examples of narrative and expository test.
Comprehensive reading instruction includes deliberate fluency-building at subword, word, phrase, and text levels for those students who do not meet fluency benchmarks. Module 5 reviews the rationale for a fluency component in lesson design. Participants learn and practice techniques for speed drills, repeated readings, simultaneous and alternate oral reading, calculating reading fluency, and charting the results of exercises.
Comprehension instruction is one of the most researched areas in reading education, yet one of the most challenging. Module 6 addresses the research base for teaching comprehension, the reasons why children have difficulty with comprehension, and approaches for teaching comprehension at the phrase, sentence, paragraph, and passage levels. Questioning techniques and strategies useful before, during, and after reading are reviewed. Exercises include text analysis for planning instruction.